activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter answer key

Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. HTn0MmcHCB Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK Share with Classes. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. 0000001978 00000 n To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. How does the lag time change as you get farther and The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Seismograms Thanks for your feedback! Earthquakes and Volcanoes. The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. Expert Answer. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). What about P waves? What is an earthquake? consider a seismograph stationed 3, These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). 0000007783 00000 n EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. Section 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? minutes and P waves 8 minutes to 0000002094 00000 n The instrument detects and documents the intensity, direction and duration of ground vibrations, which are used to determine the epicenters and strength/magnitudes of earthquakes or other seismic events. Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). Mr Gneiss. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. 0000078169 00000 n The time Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. distance from transducer to the focal point. seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. For example, HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< What data is used to determine magnitude? Subject Areas: 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. If you complete all the problems, you should be able to: Identify P, S, and surface waves on a simple seismogram. This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. Cross), Give Me Liberty! 0000002250 00000 n 9 - For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. It takes S waves 14. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves . First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. activity illustrates how the epicenter of an earthquake is found. Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. Many updates and improvements! Do limits exist on what science can predict? endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. 0000000016 00000 n Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. different types of seismic waves. HlRnQ?R\>BjK' earthquake. (Figure 3):. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. to the lag time measured at this location? Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? Figure 2. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. Review their answers to assess their base knowledge of the subject matter. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Three seismographs are needed. What are those limits? earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University 0000002009 00000 n (from left to right). inch = 500 km. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. Moment magnitude scale. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. MS-ESS3-2. Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. miles from the epicenter of an Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. 0000003254 00000 n $8.25. The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. epicenter of an earthquake, how Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Using this resource students find the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves using a seismogram. See Answer. Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. endstream endobj startxref (Listen to student ideas.) Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. Focal Depth. Use this information to complete the following. xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` If your seismograph station is Develop a solution to a technological problem that has the least negative environmental and social impact. 0000003991 00000 n Use this information to complete the following. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/, USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy (implemented on January 18, 2002).

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